Ernest Hemingway wrote primarily in literary/modernist fiction, crafting spare, direct prose that emphasized subtext (his “iceberg theory”). His war novels—like A Farewell to Arms (WWI) and For Whom the Bell Tolls (Spanish Civil War)—blended gritty realism with existential themes of courage and futility. Adventure fiction (The Old Man and the Sea, Green Hills of Africa) explored human endurance against nature, while his short stories (“Hills Like White Elephants,” “The Snows of Kilimanjaro”) distilled complex emotions into minimalist dialogue and imagery. Hemingway’s background in journalism influenced his factual tone, and his non-fiction (Death in the Afternoon, A Moveable Feast) blended memoir with cultural commentary. Across genres, his work centered on stoicism, loss, and the search for meaning in a fractured world.